The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of at least 24 satellites. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day, with no subscription fees or setup charges. The U.S. Department of Defense (USDOD) originally put the satellites into orbit for military use, but they were made available for civilian use in the 1980s. How GPS works GPS satellites circle the Earth twice a day in a precise orbit. Each satellite transmits a unique signal and orbital parameters that allow GPS devices to decode and compute the precise location of the satellite. GPS receivers use this information and trilateration to calculate a user's exact location. Essentially, the GPS receiver measures the distance to each satellite by the amount of time it takes to receive a transmitted signal. With distance measurements from a few more satellites, the receiver can determine a user's position and display it electronically to  measure your r...

Cybercrime is an issue which impacts the lives of many Australians. Cybercrimes are crimes which are: directed at computers or other devices (for example, hacking), and where computers or other devices are integral to the offence (for example, online fraud, identity theft and the distribution of child exploitation material). Common types of cybercrime include hacking, online scams and fraud, identity theft, attacks on computer systems and illegal or prohibited online content. The effect of cybercrime can be extremely upsetting for victims, and not necessarily just for financial reasons. Victims may feel that their privacy has been violated, and that they are powerless. Unfortunately, as Australia’s reliance on technology grows, the cost and incidence of cybercrime is expected to increase. For more information and advice around significant and trending cybercrime events, please visit the Australian Cybercrime Security Centre’s website: https://www.acsc.gov.au/news.h...

Before starting about Hybrid topology, we saw that a  network topology  is a connection of various links and nodes, communicating with each other for transfer of data. We also saw various advantages and disadvantages of  Star ,  Bus ,  Ring ,  Mesh  and  Tree topologies . Now lets discuss what Hybrid Network topology is and why it finds its application in Wide Area Networks. Hybrid, as the name suggests, is mixture of two different things. Similarly in this type of topology we integrate two or more different topologies to form a resultant topology which has good points(as well as weaknesses) of all the constituent basic topologies rather than having characteristics of one specific topology. This combination of topologies is done according to the requirements of the organization. For example, if there exists a ring topology in one office department while a bus topology in another department, connecting these two will result in Hybrid topology. Reme...

Every company uses data creation systems, for example CRM, operational systems, accounting, HR, etc. These systems generate a lot of data. In order to handle this data, logic is applied, and data are moved further into various structures. In this article we will explore the differences between two  structures, namely database and data warehouse Definitions click to enlarge In computing, a  database  is a collection of data that is created to store, to access and to retrieve this data. Objects like tables, queries, and reports, among others, comprise database. Access to data is normally provided by a “database management system,” which is designed for interaction of users with a database. A data warehouse  is designed to analyze, to report, to integrate transaction data from various sources, and to make an analytical use of them. Reports retrieved from data warehouses can range from annual and quarterly comparisons and trends to detailed daily charts. The co...

Dynamic HTML is a collective term for a combination of Hypertext Markup Language ( HTML ) tags and options that can make Web pages more animated and interactive than previous versions of HTML. Much of dynamic HTML is specified in HTML 4.0. Simple examples of dynamic HTML capabilities include having the color of a text heading change when a user passes a mouse over it and allowing a user to "drag and drop" an image to another place on a Web page. Dynamic HTML can allow Web documents to look and act like desktop applications or multimedia production. An Object-Oriented View of Page ElementsThe Concepts and Features in Dynamic HTML An object-oriented view of a Web page and its elements Cascading style sheets and the layering of content Programming that can address all or most page elements Dynamic fonts Each page element (division or section, heading, paragraph, image, list, and so forth) is viewed as an "object." (Microsoft calls this the "Dynamic HTML...

A fiber optic cable is a  network cable  that contains strands of glass fibers inside an insulated casing. They're designed for long distance, very high performance  data networking  and telecommunications. Compared to wired cables, fiber optic cables provide higher bandwidth and can transmit data over longer distances. Fiber optic cables support much of the world's internet, cable television and telephone systems. How Fiber Optic Cables Work Fiber optic cables carry communication signals using pulses of light generated by small lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The cable consists of one or more strands of glass, each only slightly thicker than a human hair. The center of each strand is called the core, which provides the pathway for light to travel. The core is surrounded by a layer of glass called cladding that reflects light inward to avoid loss of signal and allow the light to pass through bends in the cable. The two primary types...

Programming  is the process of taking an algorithm and encoding it into a notation, a programming language, so that it can be executed by a computer. Although many programming languages and many different types of computers exist, the important first step is the need to have the solution. Without an algorithm there can be no program. Computer science is not the study of programming. Programming, however, is an important part of what a computer scientist does. Programming is often the way that we create a representation for our solutions. Therefore, this language representation and the process of creating it becomes a fundamental part of the discipline. Algorithms describe the solution to a problem in terms of the data needed to represent the problem instance and the set of steps necessary to produce the intended result. Programming languages must provide a notational way to represent both the process and the data. To this end, languages provide control constructs and data type...